Lung Function in Relation to Intake of Carotenoids and Other Antioxidant Vitamins in a Population-based Study

¹ Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY.
² Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY.
³ Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Buffalo, NY.

Accumulating evidence suggests that dietary antioxidant vitamins are positively associated with lung function. No evidence exists regarding whether dietary carotenoids other than ß-carotene are related to pulmonary function. In 1995–1998 the authors studied the association of forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity as the percentage of the predicted value (FEV₁% and FVC%, respectively) after adjustment for height, age, gender, and race with the intakes of several carotenoids (-carotene, ß-carotene, ß-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene) in a random sample of 1,616 men and women who were residents of western New York State, aged 35–79 years, and free from respiratory disease. They observed significant associations of lutein/zeaxanthin and vitamins C and E with FEV₁% and FVC% using multiple linear regression after adjustment for total energy intake, smoking, and other covariates. When they analyzed all of these antioxidant vitamins simultaneously, they observed the strongest association of vitamin E with FEV₁% and of lutein/zeaxanthin with FVC%. The differences in forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity associated with a decrease of 1 standard deviation of dietary vitamin E or lutein/zeaxanthin were equivalent to the influence of approximately 1–2 years of aging. Their findings support the hypothesis that carotenoids, vitamin C, and vitamin E may play a role in respiratory health and that carotenoids other than ß-carotene may be involved.

Key Words: airway obstruction • antioxidants • carotenoids • lung diseases, obstructive • oxidants • oxidative stress • respiratory function tests • vitamins

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NUTRITIONAL INFORMATION FOR TWO SERVINGS, 20g

Notes from the creator of SPARX.

TRACE MINERALS IN MONTMORILLONITE FORM HIGHLY BIOAVAILABLE COLLOIDAL SUSPENSION BLENDED INTO JUICE

Aluminum, Antimony, Arsenic, Barium, Beryllium, Boron, Calcium, Cerium, Cesium, Chromium, Copper, Dysprosium, Erbium, Europium, Gadolinium, Gallium, Hafnium, Holmium, Iron, Lanthanum, Lithium, Lutetium, Manganese, Magnesium, Neodymium, Niobium, Osmium, Palladium, Phosphorous, Potassium, Praseodymium, Rhodium, Ruthenium, Samarium, Scandium, Silicon, Silver, Sodium, Strontium, Sulfur, Thorium, Thulium, Tin, Titanium, Uranium, Vanadium, Yttrium, Zinc, and Zirconium.

Special Nutrients

Chia Seeds: Chia seeds provide the essential omega 3 & 6 oils. The choice of chia seeds is the result of a search to find a relatively concentrated source of omega oils in a form that will have a long shelf life (won't turn rancid). Chia seeds are 30% oil, of which 30% is omega 3 and 40% is omega 6, and have a long shelf life. They also have approximately two times the protein concentration and up to ten times the oil concentration of other grains, and are digestible without grinding. Other seeds with harder shells, such as flax seeds, require grinding to make them digestible and have a very short shelf life in the ground form. Chia seeds are small and have the unique feature of a shell that turns gelatinous (mucilaginous) when it gets wet. They are produced by several plants of the genus Salvia, native to the southwest U.S. and Mexico. The name, chia, is Maya for strength or strengthening. The natives are known to prepare a beverage from them. Harrison Doyle, in his book "Golden Chia" quotes an ancient Indian legend: "Apache runners would eat a handful of Golden Chia seeds for breakfast and then run down an antelope for lunch."

Chia seeds are one of nature's unique miracles, a micro encapsulation of essential omega 3 & 6 oils in a form that is small, won't turn rancid, and still remains digestible without the need for grinding.

A freeze-dried powder blend of four cruciferous vegetables (broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage & brussel sprouts): The National Academy of Sciences has established in its report "DIET, NUTRITION AND CANCER" - June, 1982, that approximately 20% of all deaths in the United States are caused by cancer. It also reports that certain vegetables, especially carotene-rich (i.e., dark green and deep yellow) vegetables and cruciferous vegetables (e.g., broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage and brussel sprouts) have been associated with a reduced level of carcinogenesis.

The report goes on to identify specific groups of vitamins and minerals (e.g., Vitamins A, C, E and Selenium) that when taken in conjunction with cruciferous and carotene-rich vegetables combine to play an important and positive role in the prevention of cancer.

Kelp and Montmorillonite are added to provide a multitude of trace minerals. There is a common concern that as more and more crops are grown on the same soil, some but not all of the essential trace minerals are replaced by fertilization. Thus, the population is becoming threatened with deficiencies in essential trace minerals, resulting in numerous health problems.

Kelp was added because it grows in the ocean, which is not being depleted of its mineral content. Thus, it is reasonable to assume that kelp will contain trace amounts of all the minerals in the ocean.

Montmorillonite is a mineral-rich, clay-like substance that is found in numerous deposits around the world. The montmorillonite in SPARX is mined from a deposit in Utah. It contains more than 60 minerals in a distribution that is close to a reasonable representation of the distribution of minerals in the earth's crust, which includes the known vital trace minerals. It is sold in three different grades: an agricultural grade, an animal grade, and a grade approved for human consumption. Agricultural and animal use has demonstrated great benefits to plants and animals. Controlled studies with human consumption appear to be missing. However, there are numerous anedotal reports of people believing that drinking colloidal suspensions of montmorillonite has provided considerable health benefits.

Glucosamine Sulfate may help prevent osteoarthritis by improving cartilage function, reducing joint pain in the process.

Phosphatidylserine is the major phospholipid in the brain that plays a major role in determining the integrity of fluidity of cell membranes. Normally the brain can manufacture sufficient levels. However, there are studies that indicate phosphatidylserine supplements can help memory significantly, with the benefits being greatest in older people where memory problems are the most severe.

Ginkgo Leaf Powder: There are reports of ginkgo helping numerous physical and mental functions.

Coenzyme Q10 is vitally involved in the manufacture of ATP, the energy currency of all body processes. Although the body can synthesize it, deficiencies do occur which can lead to heart failure.

Carnitine is responsible for the transport of fatty acids into the mitochondria for metabolism. It can be synthesized from lysine with the help of methionine, vitamin C, niacin and vitamin B6. All muscles, including the heart, depend on metabolism of fatty acids as an energy source. Deficiencies are known to occur in some individuals, and there are reports that carnitine supplements can help coenzyme Q10 prevent heart disease.

Citrus Bioflavonoids for a broad range of general health benefits.

Inositol is very similar to B vitamins, functions closely with choline, and is a primary component of cell membranes. It is used primarily in the treatment of liver disorders, depression, panic disorders and diabetes.

Lecithin has recently been designated an essential nutrient. It is the primary source of choline, which is essential for the manufacture of the important neurotransmitter acetylcholine as well as main components of our cell membranes such as phosphatidylcholine.

Lysine is an essential amino acid that is required for a multitude of biological processes including the formation of carnitine. Julian Whitaker, M.D., in his newsletter "Health and Healing" has reported that supplements of the combination of lysine and vitamin C can reverse angina. Linus Pauling has also published that the combination can prevent heart disease. On a personal note, when I first read this several years ago, I had angina and tried it, using a somewhat higher dose than present in SPARX. My angina gradually faded away over a period of 4-5 months, at which time I reduced my intake to the lower, maintenance level in SPARX, and it has never returned. Since angina is usually caused by arteriosclerosis, there is an implication that there is a reversal of arteriosclerosis and a prevention of its reoccurrence. Is this true? I do not know of any controlled studies that demonstrate this, but my personal experience in combination with Dr. Whitiker's report made me feel it was too important a possibility to leave out of SPARX. I have also decided to provide a companion product of lysine and vitamin C powder that when blended with SPARX will increase the concentration to provide approximately two grams of lysine and two grams of vitamin C with every heaping teaspoon (and the rest will be SPARX). This is approximately the amount Dr. Whitaker reported using with his patients, and the amount that I took to reverse his angina.

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